Smile ID has released its 2025 Digital Identity Fraud in Africa Report, highlighting critical fraud trends across the continent. The report reveals that East Africa recorded the highest rejection rate for combined biometric and document verification attempts, reaching 27% in 2024, primarily due to the reliance on outdated, inconsistent, and poor-quality identity documents, which hindered the verification processes. Smile ID’s report offers clear, actionable strategies to help leaders safeguard trust, revenue, and operational stability in 2025.
Drawing on anonymised data from over 110 million identity verification checks conducted by Smile ID across Central, East, West, and Southern Africa in 2024, the report uncovered sophisticated fraud tactics exploiting vulnerabilities in fintech platforms and digital ecosystems, accelerated by emerging technologies such as Generative AI, deepfakes, and insider-assisted schemes. Document fraud remains one of the most persistent forms of identity fraud in Africa, evolving with advancements in technology and increased reliance on digital verification.
As the first Identity Fraud study to comprehensively address fraud trends across Africa, the fraud report highlights ongoing challenges and opportunities on the continent. As the first Identity Fraud study to comprehensively address fraud trends across Africa, Smile ID’s second edition highlights ongoing challenges and opportunities on the continent. The widespread adoption of biometric verification over traditional textual methods has significantly strengthened fraud prevention, driving the overall fraud rate during KYC checks down to 25% in 2024 [a 4-percentage-point decrease]. However, this year-over-year progress has prompted fraudsters to develop more sophisticated attack methods targeting biometric systems, resulting in millions of dollars in fraud losses across key African markets. Despite improvements in KYC processes, overall fraud losses escalated in key African markets, including Kenya, where one of the country’s largest lenders lost KSh 1.5 billion to fraud, according to reports. Smile ID continues to tackle unique threats African businesses face when onboarding users, such as identity farming, insider-assisted account takeovers, and advanced document forgeries.
Key findings from the 2025 Digital Identity Fraud in Africa report also include:
- West Africa’s rejection rate significantly increased to 22%, aligning with Central Africa’s, while Southern Africa saw its document and biometric verification fraud rates more than double, climbing to 21%.
- Biometric fraud attempts are steadily increasing, reaching a quarterly average of 16%—the highest recorded in the past three years.
- Authentication attempts showed four times higher fraud rates compared to registration, indicating a significant rise in account takeover risks.
- Across all African regions, fraudulent activities concentrated between 10 PM and 6 AM EAT, peaking at 2 AM EAT.
- Fraud detection through Mobile SDKs accounted for 68% of all cases, compared to 32% from other integrations.
Speaking on the report, Mark Straub, CEO of Smile ID, said: “The future of fraud prevention lies in adaptability. While AI provides fraudsters with powerful new tools, it also helps security practitioners harness global intelligence to counter zero-day attacks and automate processes that were once manual.
“Fintech platforms with weak KYC protocols remain the most vulnerable, as these bad actors use identity farming to create fraudulent accounts that conceal the origins of illicit funds. Tackling these vulnerabilities requires collaboration between industries, governments, and technology providers to create a safer digital ecosystem.”
The report’s launch builds on the recent introduction of Enhanced SmartSelfie™, an advanced biometric verification technology built to withstand advanced fraud attempts, including deepfakes, AI-generated faces, and replay videos. If paired with a unified approach, African businesses can secure their operations, build trust, and drive economic growth.
Founded in 2017, Smile ID has revolutionised identity verification in Africa, completing over 200 million verification checks by November 2024. As the continent’s leading provider of digital identity verification, fraud detection, and KYC compliance solutions, the company delivers scalable, Africa-focused tools optimised for real-time onboarding, anti-fraud measures, and AI-driven identity verification. Backed by investors like Costanoa Ventures and CRE Venture Capital, the company catalyses Africa’s digital economy by enabling businesses, governments, and individuals to build trust in underserved markets.